We get a lot of concerned customers that see dead limbs in their tree and wonder if the tree is in decline. This is often not the case. Dead limbs occur naturally in most trees over time. Some dead limbs through out the tree is not a huge cause for concern but there are a few indicators that may be a sign of bigger problems.
When should you be worried? When the crown or top of the tree is dying off it usually works its way down the whole tree. This is something no homeowner wants to see. Also, when large sections of the tree are showing decay or die back, this can be a cause for concern. If large cracks are visible where the branch connects to the trunk, this branch or lead is weak and may topple over at some point. If you hear popping or cracking sounds from the tree when the winds are gusting, you should definitely have the tree inspected by a professional right away.
Pine trees call for a bit different approach. Pines that are dying off at the top are definitely in trouble. But because of the various beetles that invade pines, you still need to closely watch for die off through out the tree. Some branches may die off and parts of the bark fall off revealing the dreaded beetle trail. Small grooves are visible across the limb where the beetle has tunneled its way through. Also, small pin holes will be visible. This is often difficult to see from the ground and will require a closer inspection. Another indicator is pitch or sap leaking from the trunk; This is a natural defense mechanism for pines. Any section of the tree that has signs of beetle infestation needs to be removed as soon as possible.
In any case, the need for further inspection by a professional is the best course of action. Also, the removal of dead limbs does improve the over all health of the tree. Trees that show decline may just need more water and or fertilization. The sooner you address these issues, the odds are that the tree will not only survive, but it will thrive for years to come.